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APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GKSOLENE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. h 1915- Patented Mar. 23, 1920.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RAYMOND F. BACON AND BENJAMIN T. BROOKS. OF PITTSBURGH PENNSYLVANIA. .AlYD

CLINTON W. CLARK. OF CHICAGO. ILLINOIS, ASSLGNORS TO GULF REFINING COM- PANY, OF PITTSBURGHv PENNSYLVANIA. A CORPORATION OF TEXAS.

APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GASOLENE.

Original application filed May 2. 1913, Serial No. 764.982.

1'0 all whom it may concern Be it known that We, RAYMOND l BAeox. BENJAMIN T. Bnoons, and (fusion ll. (LA-Rn, all citizens of the United States, residing. res .)ectirel at Pittsburgh, Alle gheny county, State oi Penn vlvania. and (.hicago, county olf (look. State of lllinois. have invented certain new and useful l1nprorements in Apparatus for the Manufacture of (lasolene; and no do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear. and exact description of the invention. such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it. appertains to make and use. the. same.

In our Patent No, 1.131.302. we have h scribed the treatment ol' mineral oils whose boiling point is 250 and upward. for the production therefrom ot' a mixture of hydrocarbons priruripally oi" the H series, boiling below 20H said product; being intended particularly for use as a fuel for internal combustion engines.

The present application constitutes a di vision of the application of the patent aho fi referred to. and relates particularly to apparatus for carrying into etlert the method described in saidpatent.

Referring to the accompanying drmv ing,--

Figure 1 represents partly in section, and partly in elevation. one form of such apparatus embodying the invention;

Fig.2 represents a partial view of a modi fication thereof, applicable to multiple units.

Similar letters of reference indicate similar parts in both views.

Referring particularly to Fig. 1, A. indicates a storage tank tor the petroleum hydrocarbons to he treated and B indicates a pump for delivering a regulated supply therefrom to the still through the conduit a.

In Fig. 1, is shown a single unit consist ing' of a. tube Z1, of steel or other suitable metal, whose length is preferably 20 it. or more, when the internal diameter of the tube is 6 inches. The heatingmne of the tube is intermediate of its ends. and. in the form shown in Fig. l, eonsi. s of a fire brick chamber C having suitable air inlets, as (i, and a suitable exit opening, as a, for the products of combustion. The chamber C may recelve its heat froin'any convenient Divided and this application filed February 1.

Patented Mar.

Serial N0. 5,428.

source. as, for instance, a series of annular gas burners f, supplied with gas from the gas conduit 1) whose branches 9 terminate in injecting tips. as shown. which draw ina suitable suppl of air through the bells 11. opening int the lll'lllOl'vpllell. At its lower end. the tube 4' communicates with u tar and woke receiving r ceptacle l1 located be; low outside of the heating! none.

be explained in Our patent herrinbelorr rc'l'rrred lo. uhlle the moduction O l' the desired product air-maids upon the mainrcnancr of the high. tl'lill lllil'tlllt'. and high [)l'FSSlll't hereinafter descri ed. the rate of produrtion i a iuuetion of the area oi heating surface employed and. tor most purposes may be regarded as represented by the ratio of the heatingsurface to the volume of the oil Within the heating space. Accordingly. it is found that the maximum yields, in a given unit oi time from a given volume of oil heated, are obtained when the ratio of the heating surface to the volume is correspt-nulingly large. In practice, we have employed with entirely satisfactory results. tubes of an internal diameter as large as 19 inches, (corresponding to a ratio, ex pressed in comparable units, of internal periphery to internal capacity of 1:4.7: this numeri al ratio being derived when the inch is taken as the unit of measurement). \Vr do not recommend the employment of tubes of materially larger diameter because of the rapidly decreasing yield in gasolcne beyond that point. 1

At the beginning; of the operation. the charge of oil to be cracked and distilled is established up to the level indicated in Fig. 1, that is to say, at a level slightly higher than the internal wall of the top of the heatiug chamber C. 'lhis levcl ol. the body of oil is kept practi ally constant. by means of the pump I). which supplies oil to the interior of the tube as the. cracking and distillation proceed. Accordingly, the roducts of combustion do not come into direct contact with any portions of the tube not occupied by the liquid oil, and consequently, the. danger of destructive decomposition of any portion of the vapors by coming into contact with overheated portions of the tube above the zone of liquid oil is minimized lll Llll

and lllc fornnition of an :ldhoring layer of coke upon such portion of llic walls of the (uluis :ivoidod.

The free portion of the lube cxlcndn above l'hc l'nrnzu'c wiring. as ho\\'u, for u. dislunco of our ii Feel. The. vupom pa. ivy incum of thc pipe 11. to the condenser coil j. contained within the cooling rceeplnclc l. The corn lcnsacr coil i provided at itra cud Wilh u \ulvc, .5 nnd discharges into tho rcoeptzu-le (l. Tho nnrondonscd guses and vapors from the 1c- 1c| luclc (l pzuw by the pipe I into n body of oil rontnincd ithin tho rcocpliuclc H, wherein such particlcc of oil as are contained in the imidnul gases are trapped and recovered. The surphh gzwcs und vapors pass off through lhc conduit m. At. the bottom of thc rcccpluclv l-l, u pipc N conveys ihc re :fnlnul Ianand coke lo a rm-ciring tnnl; l. (he llmr hcinu' under thc conlrol oi u rcQul-nlJlc vulw r.

'lhc lnincrzll lls {1o hc. U'culcd in \inopp. iutlu .lll l i'roin nhich lhc dcQin-d prodiuzl i--. in be obtained are pctrol lnn lrv ll'ucnrimrw. :o. For inalzuicc. American and Mexican pr lrolcunw. "ifh the form of apparatus shown in Fig. 1. the rcccptu lc l and the tube 1) are filled to the level iiulicutcd, and the annular burners j arc ignited. The tonipcrature then rises to the range. oi from 350" ("r500 and. the prcssurc is: likewise. permitted to rise, by shutting oil the valve K cithcr wholly or partially. as the case may he. until the pressure gage t indicates the pressure desired. that to so), a pressure within the range of G Pflllllflb to 300 pounds: per square inch. Thus, at 104) lbs. in'cssure. uhout 80)? of the entire body of oil may he distilled with the production of :1 resullunl condc'nsato containing a lurgc percentage of n'mtcriul boiling below 200 (h. the. tcn'ipornlure being about 425 C. About f; of the colulensule obtained at this pressure and tom peruture has n boiling point below 150 C. and almost. all of this product is of the l ll- Series, nppro riatc for use for tho ordinary purposes 0' gasoleneousi for in stance. for use as fuel for internal comhus tion engines and would usually be rated coinnicrcinlly as gasolene. In general. it is preferred. as indicated, to operate at a pressure of 100 lbs. for the reason that the relative portion of material boiling below 150 C. is grcutcr when .he. operation is conductcd at 100 lbs. pressure. than When conducted at lhc lower pressure of 69 lbs. per square inch. The higher pressures up to 300 lbs. are emplayed when it is desired to-still further increase the relative proportion of matcrial in the condensate boiling below 1330. C. but at. the higher pressures there is n-ogressively more coke and gas formed and hence a lower pcrccutugc of total ciindensnte is obtained.

During the cracking and distilling operation, an particles of tur and coke that may he l'orlncd in the body of the distilling oil tciul to Full through the vorlicul heutii'ig zonc. by gravity, into the rcccivinggspace of thc chamber l) A relatively small amount of tar and coke will in the coul'sc of time. build up upon tho vertical walls of lhe. tulle. ll wilhiu l luhunting zonc, but these. nc'cnnnr lutions are relatively unin' portnnt. and slov. oi' Fornmlion. and, should, they become cx-- cossive, only he rcndily removed by the use of any ordinary boiler flue cleaner. or the like. The tarry petroleum residue contain ing the line coho particles accumulating in thereceptacle E is duwn off from time to time through the pipe n into the receiver I.

In the form of apparatus indicated in Fig. 2. there is shown an series of individual when Z having al thehottom n common header E corrcsponding in function and location to thc rccc1. tucle E of Fig. 1. This tubes 1) are lwwdcd in u healing; fined, supplied with ;L llxn'. of hot. pri'iductr-z of combustion from an) .uiiuhhr source. no no in hcut thrtubes to th high teuiperulurw hcroinheforc rc'ferrod to. lu hrudcr li being: located in n coolcr .sllllfl' below the: heating fluc. (1. indicates u mpply pipe coniuiunicnting with the interior of tho soverul tubes 71, so as to furnish oil thereto. So who. the pipe 7'. constitutes the exit pi e for the viipors. The supply pipe a and the oxit pipe n fiom the header E are conncctcd by the |..-ross-connecting pipe 1 havinga valve .r and containing the liquid level gage. 111. so that the operator will be able to know at any lime the oil level within the Mg'crnl tubes The mode, of o iorution of (his modification will be. clear from What has been said in regard to the mode of operation of the form of the apparatus shown in Fig. l. and need not he further claborntcd.

It is cl1arzmfori.stic of our invention that the rcceptuelc in which the oil is contained in provided with an upper cracking and dirtilling zone, wherein, during the formation of the gasolcne product. the incidcnlal particles of tar and coke produced are free to drop by gravity into a lower settling zonc whereby cemontzition of the particles upon the heated surface. is prevented. In the specific embodiment of the invention illustraded in the drawing, the receptacle for containing the oil is :dmwn as located With.- in an Qilkl'lifl' fire hamber or fire tube, but it will, of course. he understood that, without. dc un'tiu from the spirit of the invention. um rellu'ivc urrungement may be rererscd.

What we elaim is:

1. Apparatus for cracking and distilling petroleum oils under pressure,' comprising a receptacle for containing the oil, said receptacle having an upper cracking and distilling zone with an unobstructed interior, and having a lower settling zone, means for cxtcrnully heating to the desired temperature the eracking and distilling surfaces with whieh the oil is in contact, the settling zone of the reeeptaele being in free communirntion with the eraeking and distilling zone so as to eontinuously remove by gravity out of the eraeking and distilling zone the partieles of coke and tar produeed therein means for feeding the oil into the r eeptaele under the necessary pressure. and means for establishing and maintaining a pressure between sixty and three hundred pounds per square ineh within the reeeptaele during the operation: substantially as deseribetl.

2. Apparatus for eraeking and distilling petroleum oils under pressure, comprising a. reeeptaele for epntainin; the oil, means for heating: to the desired temperature the craeking and distilling heating surt'aees with whieh the oil is in eoulaet. the ratio (expressed in eomparable units) 01' the eraeking and distilling heating surf-ares ot the reeeptaele to the volume etposed to said surfaees lHlllfl not substantially less than l:-l-.T (this ratio being derived when the ineh is employed as the unit oi' measure menth means for feeding: the oil into the reeeptaele under the neeessar pressure. and means tor establishing and maintaining a pressure between sixt and three hundred pounds per stpiare ineh within the re ep1aele during; the operation: substantiallr as deseribed.

23. Apparatus for eraekiu and distilling petroleum oils under pressure. eoruprisingr a reeepta le l'or ontaiuing the oil said reeepliltlt' having an upper eraelting and distil ling ZIIlIt with an unobstru: ted interior. and hariu; a lower settling zone. means for exlet-nail heating to the desired temperature the eraeking and distilling surlaees with whit-h the oil is in emltai't. the settling Zone of the reeeptat'le being in tree ttJllll'HiHll(E\ tion with the emu-king and distilling zone so as to eontinuously remore i fl't'tlYii} out of the eraekinp and distilling; zone the partieies oi' rolte -nd tar produretl thereii means tor establish \Btldl niaintsining a pre sure between --i\1\ and three hundred pounds per square in it within the reneptat-le during the operati n. a pump tormsupplying oil to the reeeptat-ie so as to maiir tain a eonstaul il\ll of oil therein and a eoudeuser: substantially a des rihed.

4; Apparatu for :tttt'liliitf and distilling etroleum ils under pie sur eoinpiisiiu; a reeeptaele for w-nlainin g tht oil. said rot-eptncla having an upper eraeking and distilling Zone with an unobstructed interior, and havinga lower settling none. means for externally heating to the desired temperature the cracking and distilling surfaces with which the oil is in Contact, the settling zone, of the reeeptaele being in free communication with the eraeking and distilling zone so as to eontinnously remove by gravity out of the cracking and distilling zone the partieles of r-oke and tar produced therein, and means for establishing and maintaining a pressure between SlXt VAIIHl three hundred pounds per square inch within the receptaele during the operation. a pump for suppl rin; oil to the reeeptaele so as to main-- tain a eonslant level oi oi] therein, a eondenser, a elosed I'eeeptaele into which the eoudenser discharges and in which the gases se mrate from the ondeusate. and an additional reeeptat-le t'tiilillll'llllgi oil through whit-h said gases pass for the reemerr of oily partieles suspended herein: substantially as deseribed.

5. Apparatus for l 'tt'ltlitg and distilling petroleum oils under pressure eomprisitu: a series of upright tubes for lta'tl\ iuq the oil to be treated. means for heating d r'"1lt*-' (oi tul es t the desired maritime and dis il ling temperature, nit-ans i'er e.-viai: isl in r and maintaining." a pressure lietween s xty and three hundred pounds per st'uiare inrh \i ithiu the reeeptaele during: the o eration a eoninion header helow the series of tithes tor the reception of partieles of tar and r-o i'e prndneed in the oil eoiunuis eontained in th tutu-st an oilsuppl r pipe eoinmon to the tube: a plan; f r supplying oil to the tubes through said eon nam oil supply pipe, at eross-eonnet-tion p pe establishing eommnuieation between tin Ull'fi illllli, pipe and the header. and a eoudruser: suhstantiallv as des 'ribeil.

In testimony whe eof we ailix our signattlre in the presentiof tn'o witne es C. C. GIBSON. 

